Dr.
Holger Gebhardt
Abteilung » Geoanalytik und ReferenzsammlungenAufgabenbereiche
Leiter der Kompetenzeinheit.
Routineuntersuchungen an Foraminiferenassoziationen für die geologische Landesaufnahme (Biostratigraphie, Paläoökologie).
Grundlagenforschung in der Biostratigraphie, Paläoökologie und Paläoozeanographie mit Foraminiferen und anderen Fossilgruppen.
Aufbau und Pflege der paläontologischen Sammlung und der dazugehörigen Datenbank.
Betreuung des Schlämmlabors.
Geologische Kartierung im Bereich von Molasse- und Waschbergzone.
Since 2021 Head of Department (acting Head of Department since 2019)
Since 2004 Scientific staff at the Geological Survey of Austria; basic research (micropaleontology,biostratigraphy, paleoecology, paleoceanography), field mapping, curator.
2002-2004 Postdoctoral research associate at Institute of Geoscienses (Dept. of Micropaleontology) of Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (WG Prof. W. Kuhnt; since July 2003 WG Prof. M. Sarnthein).
2001-2002 Lectureship at Free University of Berlin [Privatdozentur]; professional tour guide for various exhibitions, concept development for guided tours and workshops, technical cooperation with Museumspädagogischer Dienst Berlin.
2001 Habilitation lecture on the Trans-Saharan Seaway during Cretaceous and Paleocene.
2000 Submission of Habilitation thesis [German university lecturing qualification] at Freie Universität Berlin: Integrated biostratigraphy, paleoecology and paleobiogeography of the Nkalagu Formation (southern Nigeria, Cenomanian to Coniacian): foraminifera, ostracods, inoceramids, ammonites and calcareous nannofossils.
1999-2001 DFG [German National Research Association]- research fellow, lectureship at Freie Universität Berlin, Germany; tour guide at Museum of Natural History, Berlin.
1998-1999 Preparation of Habilitation-thesis [german university lecturing qualification, DAAD [German Academic Exchange Service] scholarship], lectureship at Universität of Marburg, Germany.
1998 Scientific supervisor for DFG/Goethe Institut exhibition “The Water of the Desert“ at Goethe Institut Lagos, Nigeria.
1994-1998 Lecturer at Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria (DAAD-long therm lectureship).
1994 Ph.D.-examination; Thesis: The Tap-Marls of Alicante Province (SE Spain, Langhian to Tortonian): biostratigraphy, paleogeography, and paleoecology; supervisor: Prof. A. v.Hillebrandt
1993-1994 Technical coorporation with Terratech Consult GmbH, Berlin and Ingenieurbüro Pollak, Berlin.
1990-1993 Graduation scholarship of Berlin State (NAFöG).
1989 Diplom-Hauptprüfung [M.Sc. degree-examination], M.Sc.-Thesis: Geology of Sierra del Maigmo (sheet Castalla, Nr. 846), SE Spain; supervisor: Prof. A. v. Hillebrandt
1987 Industrial training at Dankwart Klein Geotechnik, Berlin.
1986-1989 Studentische Hilfskraft mit Lehraufgaben [Tutor, student auxiliary teacher] at Department of Geology, Technical University Berlin.
1985 Diplom-Vorprüfung.
1983 Immatrikulation at Technische Universität Berlin in Geology.
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Gebhardt, H. & Ćorić, S. (2023): Geologische Karte der Republik Österreich, Blatt Hollabrunn Südost 1:25.000, GeoSphere Austria, Wien, https://doi.org/10.24341/tethys.224.
Gebhardt, H., Havlíček, Z., Novák, Z., Roetzel, R. & Růžička, M. (2023): Geologische Karte der Republik Österreich, Blatt Hollabrunn Südwest 1:25.000, GeoSphere Austria, Wien, https://doi.org/10.24341/tethys.225.
Hart, M.B., Gebhardt, H., Setoyama, E., Smart, C.W. & Tyszka, J. (2023): Triassic and Jurassic possible planktonic foraminifera and the assemblages recovered from the Ogrodzieniec Glauconite Marls Formation (uppermost Callovian and lowermost Oxfordian, Jurassic) of the Polish Basin. – Journal of Micropalaeontology, 42, 277-290, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-277-2023.
Gebhardt, H., Schenk, B., Enge, A., Ćorić, S., Ranftl, E.-M., Heinz, P. (2023): The Lower – Middle Miocene transition in the Krems Embayment (Central Paratethys, Lower Austria): a multistratigraphic approach and the role of the Diendorf-Boskovice Fault System. – Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences, 116, 117-134, https://doi.org/10.17738/ajes.2023.0006.
Posch-Trötzmüller, G., Ćorić, S., Grösel, C., Pereson, M., Gebhardt, H. & Mandic, O. (2021): Bohrkernaufnahmen und Dokumentation von Massenbewegungen an der II. Wiener Hochquellenleitung in der Gemeinde Kirnberg an der Mank (Niederösterreich) sowie Dokumerntation eines ehemaligen Ton-Abbaus. - Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 161, (1-4), 39-61, Wien.
Gebhardt, H. (2021): Lower Miocene olistostromes and giant-olistoliths: a new interpretation of the Eocene Waschberg Limestone occurrences and consequences for the structural composition of the southern Waschberg-Ždánice Unit in Lower Austria. - Geologica Carpathica, 72, (1), 48-67, https://doi.org/10.31577/GeolCarp.72.1.4, Bratislava. OPEN ACCESS
Švábenická, L., Gebhardt, H. & Lobitzer, H. (2020): Turonian and Coniacian calcareous nannofossils of the Awgu Formation, Calabar Flamk, southeastern Nigeria. - Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 160, (1-4), 241-250, Wien.
Gebhardt, H. (2020): Late Jurassic foraminifera from the southern Waschberg-Zdánice Unit (Klentnice beds, Lower Austria). - Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences, 113, (2), 155-168, Wien.
Gebhardt, H., Akande, S.O. & Adekeye, O.A. (2020): Cenomanian to Coniacian sea-level changes in the Lower Benue Trough (Nkalagu area, Nigeria) and the eastern Dahomey Basin: palaeontological and sedimentological evidence for eustasy and tectonism. - In: Wagreich, M., Hart, M.B., Sames, B. & Yilmaz, I.O. (eds) Cretaceous climate events and short-term sea-level changes. Geological Society of London, Special Publications, 498, 1-23, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP498-2018-194.
Adekeye, O.A., Gebhardt, H., Akande, S.O., Adeoye, J.A. & Abdulkadir, I.A. (2019): Biostratigraphic analysis of the Cretaceous Abeokuta Group in the Eastern Dahomey Basin, southwestern Nigeria. - Journal of African Earth Sciences, 152, 171-183, Amsterdam
Roslim, A., Briguglio, A., Kocsis, L., Ćorić, S., Gebhardt, H. (2019): Large rotaliid foraminifera as biostratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental indicators in northwest Borneo: An example from a late Miocene section in Brunei Darussalam. - Journal of Asian Earth Science, 170, 20-28, Amsterdam.
Gebhardt, H. & Hasenzagel, E. (2018): Planktic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the "Buntmergelserie" (Ultrahelvetic Zone, Campanian to Maastrichtian) in Upper Austria (Magdalenaberg and Hochhub areas). - Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 158, (1-4), 65-72, Wien.
Schenk, B., Gebhardt, H., Wolfgring, E. & Zorn, I. (2018): Cyclic paleo-salinity changes inferred from benthic foraminiferal assemblages in the Upper Burdigalian (Lower Miocene) Korneuburg Basin, Austria. - Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 490, 473-487, Amsterdam.
Steininger, F., Gebhardt, H. & Sames, B. (2017): Eustasy and sea-level changes in the footsteps of Eduard Suess. In: Wagreich, M. & Gebhardt, H., 10th International Symposium on the Cretaceous – Fieldtrip Guidebook, Berichte der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 121, 89-113, Wien.
Frieling, J., Gebhardt, H., Huber, M., Adekeye, O.A., Akande, S.O., Reichart, G.-J., Middelburg, J.J., Schouten, S. & Sluijs, A. (2017): Extreme warmth and heat-stressed plankton in the tropics during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. - Science Advances, 3, e1600891, 1-9, Washington DC, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1600891. Supplemental material
Torres-Silva, A.I. & Gebhardt, H. (2015): Eocene larger benthic foraminifera (nummulitids, orthophragminids) from the Waschberg-dánice Unit, Lower Austria. - Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 155, (1-4), 109-120, Wien.
Roetzel, R., Cicha, I., Ćorić, S., Gebhardt, H., Havlíček, P., Holácek, O., Novák, Z., Rudolský, J. & Vachek, M. (2015): Geologische Karte der Republik Österreich 1 : 50 000, Blatt 39 Tulln. - Geologische Bundesanstalt, Wien.
Gebhardt, H., Ćorić, S., Krenmayr, H.-G. & Wünsche, I. (2014): Fauna and flora oft he "Älterer Schlier"-marl of Uttendorf in Lower Austria (upper Egerian, Early Miocene). - Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 154, (1-4), 115-124, Wien.
Gebhardt, H., Ćorić, S., Krenmayr, H.-G., Steininger, H. & Schweigl, J. (2013): Neudefinition von lithostratigraphischen Einheiten des oberen Ottnangium (Untermiozän) in der alpin-karpatischen Vortiefe Niederösterreichs: Pixendorf-Gruppe, Traisen-Formation und Dietersdorf-Formation. - Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 153, (1-4), 15-32, Wien.
Gebhardt, H., Ćorić, S., Darga, R., Briguglio, A., Schenk, B., Werner, W. & Andersen, N. (2013): Middle to Late Eocene paleoenvironmental changes in a marine transgressive sequence from the northern Tethyan margin (Adelholzen, Germany). - Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences, 106, (2), 45-72, Wien.
Gebhardt, H. & Roetzel, R. (2013): The Antarctic viewpoint of the Central Paratethys: cause, timing, and duration of a deep valley incision in the Middle Miocene Alpine-Carpathian Foredeep of Lower Austria. - International Journal of Earth Sciences (Geologische Rundschau), 102, (4), 977-987, doi: 10.1007/s00531-012-0841-9.
Ćorić, S., Roetzel, R., Krenmayr, H.G. & Gebhardt, H. (2013): Exkursion E2 - Fazies und Stratigraphie der oligozänen und miozänen Sedimente in der alpinen Vortiefe auf den Blättern 55 Ober-Grafenedorf und 56 St. Pölten. In: Gebhardt, H. (ed.): Arbeitstagung 2013, Geologie der Kartenblätter 55 Ober-Grafendorf und 56 St.Pölten. - 23.-27.09.2013, Melk, Geologische Bundesanstalt, 236-269. Wien.
Krenmayr, H.-G., Coric, S. Gebhardt, H., Iglseder, C., Linner, M., Mandl, G.W., Reitner, J., Rockenschaub, M., Roetzel, R. & Rupp, C. (2012): Generallegende der pleistozänen bis holozänen Sedimente und Verwitterungsprodukte des Periglazialraumes auf den geologischen Spezialkarten (1:50.000. 1:25.000) der Geologischen Bundesanstalt. - Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 152, (1-4), 57-66, Wien.
Wagreich, M., Egger, H., Gebhardt, H., Mohammed, O., Spötl, C., Koukal, V. & Hobiger, G.(2011): A new expanded record of the Paleocene-Eocene transition in the Gosau Group of Gams (Eastern Alps, Austria). - Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, A 113, 35-65, Vienna.
Gebhardt, H., Darga, R., Coric, S., Brigulio, A., Yordanova, E., Schenk, B., Wolfgring, E. Werner, W. & Andersen, N. (2011): Type locality of the Adelholzen Beds (Primusquelle bottling plant), an Eocene (Lutetian, Priabonian) deepening sequence. - In: Egger, H., Climate and Biota of the Early Paleogene, Field-Trip Guidebook. - Berichte der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 86, 61-72, Wien.
Wagreich, M., Egger, H., Gebhardt, H. & Mohammed, O. (2011): Pichler Section (Gams). - In: Egger, H., Climate and Biota of the Early Paleogene, Field-Trip Guidebook. - Berichte der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 86, 99-106, Wien.
Gebhardt, H., Adekeye, O.A. & Akande, S.O. (2010): Late Paleocene to Initial Eocene Thermal Maximum (IETM) foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Dahomey Basin, southern Nigeria. – Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 150, (3+4), 407-419, Vienna.
Gebhardt, H., Friedrich, O., Schenk, B., Fox, L., Hart, M. & Wagreich, M. (2010): Paleoceanographic changes at the northern Tethyan margin during the Cenomanian-Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE-2). - Marine Micropaleontology, 77, (1-2), 25-45, doi: 10.1016/j.marmicro.2010.07.002, Amsterdam.
Gebhardt, H. (2010): Foraminiferal holotypes, lectotypes, and syntypes stored in the paleontological collection of the Geological Survey of Austria. - Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 150, (1+2), 245-262, Vienna.
Gebhardt, H., Zorn, I., & Roetzel, R. (2009): The initial phase of the Early Sarmatian (Middle Miocene) transgression. Foraminiferal and ostracod assemblages from an incised valley fill in the Molasse Basin of Lower Austria. - Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences, 102, (2), 100-119, Vienna.
Egger, H., van Husen, D., Gebhardt, H., Heinrich, M., Hofmann, T., Mooshammer, B., Pavuza, R., Rögl, F., Rupp, C., Schubert, G., Slapansky, P., Stummer, G., Wagner, L., Wessely, G. & Wimmer-Frey, I. (2009): Erläuterungen zu Blatt 64 Strasswalchen. - Geologische Bundesanstalt, Vienna, 87 S.
Zuschin, M. & Gebhardt, H. (2009): Octocorals as hosts to serpulid-makroids from the Cretaceous of the Potiguar Basin, Brazil. - Lethaia, 42, 381-382, Oslo.
Gebhardt, H. & Rupp, C. (2008): Vergleich der Anreicherung von Foraminiferenschalen und anderer Mikrofossilien aus sandigen Sedimenten mit Hilfe von Zinkchlorid-Lösung und Tetrachlorkohlenstoff. - Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 148, (2), 177-181, Vienna.
Gebhardt, H., Sarnthein, M., Grootes, P.M., Kiefer, T., Kühn, H., Schmieder, F.& Röhl, U. (2008): Paleonutrient and productivity records from the subarctic North Pacific for Pleistocene glacial terminations I to V. - Paleoceanography, 23, PA4212, doi:10.1029/2007PA001513, Washington, DC.
Gebhardt, H., Krenmayr, H.-G., Coric, S. & Roetzel, R. (2008): Grobklastika in der allochthonen Vorlandmolasse am Ostende der Alpen. Exkursionsführer Pangeo 2008. - Journal of Alpine Geology, 49, 137-154, Vienna.
Gebhardt, H. & Zorn, I. (2008): Cenomanian ostracods of the Tarfaya upwelling region (Morocco) as paleoenvironmental indicators. – Revue de Micropaleontologie, 51, (4): 273-286, doi: 10.1016/j.revmic.2007.02.001, Paris.
Zorn, I., Meller, B., Draxler, I., Surenian, R. & Gebhardt, H. (2007): Historische Kostbarkeiten der Sammlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt in Wien. - Geo.Alp, Sonderband 1, 165-173, Innsbruck.
Gebhardt, H. (2006): Resolving the calibration problem in Cretaceous benthic foraminifera paleoecological interpretation: Cenomanian to Coniacian assemblages from the Benue Trough analyzed by conventional methods and correspondence analysis. - Micropaleontology, 52, (2): 151-176, New York.
Sarnthein, M., Gebhardt, H., Kiefer, T., Erlenkeuser, H., Kissel, C. & Schmieder, F. (2005): 95-Ky Cycles of ocean circulation in the far northwestern Pacific and South China Sea during the Brunhes Chron. In: Berger, A., Ercegovac, M. & Mesinger, F., Milutin Milankovitch Anniversary Symposium: Paleoclimate and the Earth Climate System, Belgrade 30 Aug - 02 Sep 2004, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Scientific Meetings, 110, 135-140, Belgrade.
Gebhardt, H. (2004): Late Oligocene to early Miocene foraminifera and ostracods from Karben (Wetterau, Hesse State, Germany): stratigraphic occurrence and palaeoecologic implications. - Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 78, (2), 233-279, Stuttgart.
Gebhardt, H. & Thalheim, K. (2004): Indications for a correlation of substrate permeability and foraminiferal faunas – an example from the late Chattian “Cerithien-Sand“ of Karben (Wetterau, Hesse State, Germany). – Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte, 2004, (9), 559-576, Stuttgart.
Sarnthein, M., Gebhardt, H., Kiefer, T., Kucera, M., Cook, M., & Erlenkeuser, H. (2004): Mid Holocene origin of the sea surface salinity low in the subarctic North Pacific. - Quaternary Science Reviews, 23, 2089-2099, Amsterdam.
Gebhardt, H., Kuhnt, W. & Holbourn, A. (2004): Foraminiferal response to sealevel change, organic flux and oxygen deficiency in the Cenomanian of the Tarfaya Basin, southern Morocco. – Marine Micropaleontology, 53, (1-2), 133-158, doi: 10.1016/j.marmicro.2004.05.007, Amsterdam.
Gebhardt, H. (2004): Planktonic foraminifera of the Nkalagu Formation type locality (southern Nigeria, Cenomanian to Coniacian): biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironmental interpretation. – Cretaceous Research, 25, (2), 191-209, doi: 10.1016/j.cretres.2003.11.003, Amsterdam.
Gebhardt, H. (2003): Palaeobiogeography of Chattian to early Miocene Central European Ostracoda and Foraminifera: progressive isolation of Mainz Basin, northern Upper Rhine Graben and Wetterau. - Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 201, (3-4), 345-356, doi: 10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00619-9, Amsterdam.
Gebhardt, H. (2001): Calcareous nannofossils from the Nkalagu Formation type locality (middle Turonian to Coniacian, southern Nigeria): biostratigraphy and palaeoceanic implications. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 32, (3), 391-402, Oxford.
Gebhardt, H. (2001): Inoceramids, Didymotis and ammonites from the Nkalagu Formation type locality (late Turonian to Coniacian, southern Nigeria): biostratigraphy and palaeoecologic implications. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte, 2001, (4), 193-212, Stuttgart.
Vrbka, P., Ojo, O.J. & Gebhardt, H. (1999): Hydraulic characteristics of the Maastrichtian sedimentary rocks of the southern Bida Basin, central Nigeria. - Journal of African Earth Sciences, 29, (4), 659-667, Oxford.
Gebhardt, H. & Prinz-Grimm, P. (1999): Vorkommen von Protelphidium nonioninoides (ANDREAE) als mikropaläontologischer Nachweis von Cyrenenmergel (Oligozän) in Klein-Karben (Wetterau). - Mainzer Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen, 28, 33-40, Mainz.
Gebhardt, H. (1999): Cenomanian to Coniacian ostracodes from the Nkalagu Area (SE Nigeria): biostratigraphy and palaeoecology. - Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 73, (1/2), 77-98, Stuttgart.
Gebhardt, H. & Reinhold, C. (1999): Carbon and oxygen isotope data from the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in the Upper Benue Trough (Ashaka, Nigeria): stratigraphic and paleoclimatological significance. - Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 37, (1/2), 63-74, Berlin-Stuttgart.
Gebhardt, H. (1999): Cenomanian to Coniacian biogeography and migration of North and West African ostracods. - Cretaceous Research, 20, (1), 215-229, London.
Gebhardt, H. (1999): Occurrence and palaeoecology of Cenomanian to Turonian ostracods from Ashaka (NE Nigeria). - Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen; 211, (1), 133-149, Stuttgart.
Gebhardt, H. (1999): Middle to Upper Miocene benthonic foraminiferal palaeoecology of the Tap Marls (Alicante Province, SE Spain) and its palaeoceanographic implications. - Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology; 145, (1-3), 141-156, Amsterdam.
Gebhardt, H. (1998): Benthic foraminifera from the Maastrichtian lower Mamu Formation near Leru (southern Nigeria): paleoecology and paleogeographic significance. - Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 28, (1), 76-89, Lawrence.
Gebhardt, H. (1997): Cenomanian to Turonian foraminifera from Ashaka (NE Nigeria): quantitative analysis and palaeoenvironmental interpretation. - Cretaceous Research, 18, (1), 17-36, London.
Gebhardt, H. (1994): Die Tap-Mergel in der Provinz Alicante (Südostspanien, Langhium bis Tortonium): Biostratigraphie, Paläogeographie und Paläoökologie.- Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, (A), 163, 1-175, Berlin.
Hendrix, F., Behrens, H., Busch, W., Bussmann, M., Gebhardt, H., Görler, K., Reuleke, D., Strouhal, A. & Uhmann, A. (1993): Detrital palygorscite in lacustrine and lagoonal clay-mineral associations of Late Tertiary age from Morocco and Somalia.- Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, Teil 1, 5, 415-436, Stuttgart.
Gebhardt, H. (1993): Neogene foraminifera from the Eastern Rabat area (Morocco): stratigraphy, paleobathymetry and paleoecology.- Journal of African Earth Sciences, 16, (4), 445-464, Oxford.
Forschungsschwerpunkte: Paläoökologie und Biostratigraphie planktischer und benthischer Foraminiferen aus Oberkreide und Tertiär, marine Ostrakoden der späten Kreide, Paläoozeanographie in Meso- und Känozoikum.
Mitgliedschaften und Funktionen: Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Paläontologische Gesellschaft, Österreichische Geologische Gesellschaft, Österreichische Paläontologische Gesellschaft (2011-2018 Schriftführer).
Reviews für folgende Fachzeitschriften: Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences, BioGeoSciences, Bulletin of Geosciences, Cretaceous Research, Facies, Geologica Carpatica, Geologica Croatica, Journal of African Earth Sciences, Journal of Foraminiferal Reasearch, Marine Micropaleontology, Micropaleontology, Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, Paleoworld, Proceedings of the Geologists Association, Revue de Micropaleontologie
Redaktionelle Tätigkeiten:
10th International Symposium on the Cretaceous 2017, Fieldtrip Guidebook, Wien (114 S.)
Jahrestagung 2015 der ÖPG in Bad Ischl (37 S.)
Jahrestagung 2014 der ÖPG in Wolfsberg (44 S.)
Arbeitstagung 2013 der Geologischen Bundesanstalt in Melk (326 S.).
Jahrestagung 2012 der ÖPG in Linz (44 S.)
Key notes und Einladungen:
- Middle Turonian to Coniacian integrated biostratigraphy in southern Nigeria. 31st International Geological Congress, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2000)
- Nigerianische und brasilianische Küstenbecken in der späten Kreide und im Alttertiär: parallele Entwicklung und getrennte Wege. Institut für Geowissenschaften, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel (2006)